Ficus (Ficus spp.)

Care Sheet List

The Ficus genus is vast and includes a wide variety of plants, from large trees like the Fiddle-leaf Fig and Rubber Tree to trailing vines like the Creeping Fig. While their specific care can vary slightly, they are generally known for being sensitive to environmental changes.

Lighting

Ficus plants prefer bright, indirect light. Direct, harsh sunlight can scorch their leaves, especially on variegated varieties. They are particularly sensitive to changes in light and can drop leaves if moved to a new location. An east or west-facing window is often ideal.

Watering Routine

The key to watering Ficus is to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. They are also prone to dropping leaves in response to inconsistent watering.

• Upright Varieties (e.g., Fiddle-leaf Fig, Rubber Tree): Allow the top 2-3 inches of soil to dry out before watering thoroughly.
• Trailing Varieties (e.g., Creeping Fig): These plants, with their thinner leaves, prefer to be kept slightly more moist. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry, but do not let them dry out completely.

In all cases, water until it drains from the bottom of the pot, and be sure to empty any excess water from the saucer. Reduce watering significantly in the fall and winter.

Fertilizer Requirements

Fertilize during the spring and summer growing season. They are moderate feeders and will benefit from regular fertilization.

• Type: Use a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer.
• Commercial Recommendation: Miracle-Gro Indoor Plant Food (Liquid) or Schultz Liquid Plant Food are good options. Dilute these commercial concentrates to achieve approximately 50-100 ppm N in your final solution. This is often equivalent to using them at "half strength" or "full strength" of the package's recommended dose.
• DIY Fertilizer Suggestion: For robust foliage growth, use your homemade 3-1-2 liquid fertilizer concentrate (High Nitrogen) or a balanced 1-1-1 liquid fertilizer concentrate.
  • For 3-1-2 concentrate (30,000 ppm N): Apply at a "Light to Moderate Feeding" rate, using 1.67 ml to 3.33 ml per 1 liter of water (resulting in ~50-100 ppm N). See recipe details.
  • For 1-1-1 concentrate (10,000 ppm N): Apply at a "Moderate Feeding" rate, using 10 ml per 1 liter of water (resulting in ~100 ppm N). See recipe details.
• Avoid: Do not fertilize in fall and winter.

Humidity and Temperature Requirements

As tropical plants, most Ficus appreciate high humidity. You can increase humidity by misting daily, using a humidifier, or placing the pot on a pebble tray with water. They also do not tolerate cold drafts or sudden temperature changes well. Keep them in a consistent environment where temperatures stay above 60°F (15°C).

Pot Size and Soil Type

• Pot Size: Repot every 1-2 years or when the plant becomes root-bound. Choose a pot that is 1-2 inches larger in diameter. Always ensure the pot has drainage holes.
• Soil Type: A well-draining, airy potting mix is essential to prevent root rot. A mix of potting soil amended with perlite, orchid bark, or coco coir will work well.

Pruning and Maintenance

• Pruning: Prune your Ficus in late winter or early spring to maintain its shape and encourage bushier growth. Use clean, sharp shears and cut just above a leaf node. Ficus plants exude a milky sap when cut, which can be a skin irritant, so it is recommended to wear gloves.
• Leaf Cleaning: Regularly wipe down the leaves with a damp cloth to remove dust. This improves the plant's ability to photosynthesize.
• Toxicity: All Ficus plants are considered toxic to pets and humans if ingested due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in their sap. Keep out of reach of children and animals.